ᾗ νομίζεται

νομίζω

use customarily: pres ind mp 3rd sg

νομ-ίζω, [tense] fut.

A

νομιῶ Ar.Av. 571

, Th.4.87, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 1pl.

νομιοῦμεν Hdt.2.17

; later

νομίσω Longus 1.1

codd., Procop.Gaz.Ep.12: [tense] aor. ἐνόμισα, poet.

νόμισα Pi.I.5(4).2

: [tense] pf.

νενόμικα Axionic.6.8

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

νομισθήσομαι Pl.Sph. 240e

, etc.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. νομιοῦμαι in pass. sense, Hp.Morb.Sacr.1: [tense] aor. ἐνομίσθην (v. infr. 1.1, 2): [tense] pf. νενόμισμαι, [ per.] 3pl.

νενομίδαται D.C.51.23

; [dialect] Dor. inf.

- ίχθαι Sthenid.

ap. Stob.4.7.63: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg.

ἐνενόμιστο Ar.Nu. 962

: ([etym.] νόμος):—use customarily, practise,

ἓν τόδε ἴδιον νενομίκασι Hdt.1.173

; ν. γλῶσσαν to have a language in common use, ib. 142;

φωνήν Id.2.42

;

οὔτε ἀσπίδα οὔτε δόρυ Id.5.97

; πανήγυριν, πληγὴν ἐν τῇ ὁρτῇ, Id.2.63; ταῦτα.. Ἕλληνες ἀπ' Αἰγυπτίων νενομίκασι have adopted these customs from the Egyptians, ib.51, cf. 4.27;

ἱπποτροφίας ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ Pi.I.2.38

;

ἀργυροστερῆ βίον A.Ch. 1003(989)

;

ν. θειότατον νόμον Gorg.Fr.6D.

; ν. ἐκκλησίαν have a regular popular assembly, Arist. Pol. 1275b7; ἀγορᾶς κατασκευὴν ν. (cj. for ὀνομάζουσιν) ib. 1331a32;

δραχμὰς ἇν Τροζάνιοι νομίζοντι IG42(1).77.16

(Epid., ii B.C.):—freq. in [voice] Pass., to be customary,

οὔτω τοῦτο νομίσδεται Alc.Supp.24

;

ὅπου τὸ χαίρειν μηδαμοῦ νομίζεται A.Eu. 423

;

σωφροσύνη 'νενόμιστο

was the fashion,

Ar.Nu. 962

: impers.,

εἰκῇ νομίζεται Xenoph.2.13

; ὡς νομίζεται as is the custom, A.Eu.32, E.Alc.99 (lyr.), etc.;

οἷάπερ ν. A.Ag. 1046

;

οἷα τοῖς κάτω νομίζεται S.El. 327

, cf. 691;

ᾗ νομίζεται Id.OC 1603

: part. νομιζόμενος customary,

γέρα τὰ ν. Th.1.25

;

εὐχαὶ αἱ ν. Id.6.32

;

εἰς τὸν ν. χρόνον IG12.19.15

;

τὰ ν.

customs, usages,

Hdt.1.35

, 5.42, Ar.Pl. 1185;

τὰ ν. μυστήρια Heraclit.14

;

τὰ ἱερὰ τὰ ν. Antipho 5.82

;

συντελέσαι τὰ ν. τοῖς θεοῖς IG12.22.4

, cf. 54.16;

τὰ τοῖς θεοῖς ν. X.Cyr. 4.5.14

; freq. of funeral rites,

τὰ ν. ποιεῖν Aeschin.1.13

, cf. Isoc.19.33;

ἐπειδὴ τὰ ν. αὐτῷ φέροιτο D.18.243

: also [tense] aor. part.,

τό τοι νομισθὲν τῆς ἀληθείας κρατεῖ S.Fr.86

;

τὰ ν. E.Ba.71

(lyr.): [tense] pf. part.,

τὰ νενομισμένα τοῖς κατοιχομένοις PRyl.153.6

(ii A.D.), cf. SIG1109.34 (ii A.D.).

2 of a legislator, enact,

ἐνόμισεν ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ δι' ἔτους προσεθίζεσθαι X.Lac.2.4

, cf. 12.3, Cyr.8.5.3: c.acc., Id.Lac.1.7:—[voice] Pass., D.C. 37.20;

τὰ νομισθέντα ὑπὸ Μάρκου Id.78.22

; cf.

νομιστέος 1

.

3 c. dat., make common use of, use,

φωνῇ Hdt.4.117

; ὑσί ib.63; νομίζουσι Αἰγύπτιοι οὐδ' ἥρωσι οὐδέν, i.e. practise no such worship, Id.2.50;

ἀγῶσι καὶ θυσίαις Th.2.38

;

εὐσεβείᾳ Id.3.82

;

οὔτε τούτοις χρῆται οὔθ' οἷς ἡ ἄλλη Ἑλλὰς ν. Id.1.77

; esp. use as current coin,

ἐν Βυζαντίοις, ὅπου σιδαρέοισι νομίσμασιν νομίζουσι Pl.Com.96

(dub. l.);

ἐν Λακεδαίμονι σιδηρῷ σταθμῷ νομίζουσι Pl.Erx. 400b

:—hence in [voice] Pass., to be struck, ἀργύριον νενομισμένον ἐς Τιβέριον, i.e. with the head of Tiberius, Philostr.VA1.15.

4 c. inf., to be accustomed to do,

νομίζουσι Διὶ θυσίας ἔρδειν Hdt.1.131

, cf. 133, 202, 3.15, etc.:— [voice] Pass.,

νενόμισται τὰ σχέτλια ἔργα Λήμνια καλέεσθαι Id.6.138

; γυμνοὺς εἰσιέναι νομίζεται it is customary for them.., Ar.Nu. 498, cf. 1420, Th. 2.15, X.HG2.4.36.

II own, acknowledge, consider as,

ὡς δούλους ν. τινάς Hdt.2.1

;

τὸν προέχοντα ἔτεσι ν. ὡς πατέρα Pl.Lg. 879c

: ὡς is freq. omitted,

ὄμμα γὰρ δόμων νομίζω δεσπότου παρουσίαν A.Pers. 169

;

τοὺς κακοὺς χρηστοὺς ν. S.OT 610

, cf. Ant. 183, El. 1317;

τοὺς αὐτοὺς φίλους νομιῶ καὶ ἐχθρούς IG12.71.20

;

νομίσαι χρὴ ταῦτα μυστήρια Ar. Nu. 143

; θεὸν ν. τινά believe in one as a god,

σὺ Ἔρωτα οὐ θεὸν νομίζεις Pl.Smp. 202d

;

θεὰν οὐ τὴν Ἀναίδειαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν Αἰδῶ ν. X.Smp.8.35

; ν. τούτους [θεούς] believe in these [as gods], Hdt.4.59;

οὓς ἡ πόλις ν. θεοὺς οὐ νομίζων X.Mem.1.1.1

, Ap.10, Pl.Ap. 24b;

τοὺς ἀρχαίους οὐ ν. Id.Euthphr.3b

; but ν. θεοὺς εἶναι believe that there are gods, Id.Ap. 26c, Lg. 886a (cf. infr. 4): without εἶναι, δίκην καὶ θεοὺς μόνον ν. [ἄνθρωπος] Id.Mx. 237d; τὸ παράπαν θεοὺς οὐδαμῶς ν. to be an atheist, Id.Lg. 885c, cf. 908c, Ap. 18c, Prt. 322a;

θεοὺς ν. οὐδαμοῦ A.Pers. 497

:—[voice] Pass., to be deemed, reputed, considered,

οἷς τὸ πέλειν τε καὶ οὐκ εἶναι ταὐτὸν νενόμισται Parm.6.8

;

Ἕλληνες ἤρξαντο νομισθῆναι Hdt. 2.51

; οἱ νομιζόμενοι μὲν υἱεῖς, μὴ ὄντες δέ .. D.40.47; ἡ -ομένη (v.l. ὀνομαζ-)

πολιτεία Arist.Pol. 1293b22

.

2 esteem, hold in honour,

χρυσὸν.. περιώσιον ἄλλων Pi.I.5(4).2

;

οὔτε θεοὺς οὔτε ἀνθρώπους ν. Lys.12.9

:—[voice] Pass., to be esteemed, Pl.Grg. 466b.

3 c. acc. rei, hold, believe,

ταὐτὰ περί τινος Id.Phdr. 258c

, etc.;

ἐποίει ἄλλα παρ' ἃ ἐνόμισεν Id.Min. 320b

; ἀκοῇ ν., opp. πείρᾳ αἰσθάνεσθαι, Th.4.81.

4 c. acc. et inf., deem, hold, believe that.., πότερα νομίζεις δυστυχεῖν ἐμέ; S.OC 800, cf. OT 549, X.HG3.4.11;

θεὸν νομίζουσι εἶναι τὸ πῦρ Hdt.3.16

: c. [tense] fut. inf., expect that.., S.OT 551: [tense] aor. inf. is sts. found in codd. referring to [tense] fut.,

ἐνόμισαν ἐπιθέμενοι ῥᾳδίως κρατῆσαι Th.2.3

( κρατήσειν in same phrase, Aen.Tact.2.3), cf. Th.3.24, Lys.13.6; in S. Aj. 1082 the [tense] aor. inf. may be gnomic.

5 c. part.,

νομίσωμεν ἐκγενησόμενον Th.7.68

;

νόμιζε.. ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν ἀποκτείνων X.An.6.6.24

;

νόμιζε ταῦτα δεδογμένα Pl.R. 450a

, cf. D.14.9 (s.v.l.).

6 with ὡς, Th.3.88.

7 [voice] Pass., with gen. of the person in possession, τοῦ θεῶν νομίζεται; whose sanctuary is it held to be? S.OC38; οὐ τοῦ κρατοῦντος ἡ πόλις ν.; Id.Ant. 738.

8 abs., νομίζοντα λέγειν to speak with full belief, Pl.Phdr. 257d (nisi leg. ὀνειδίζοντα).

9 frequent,

μυχὸν ν. A.Ch. 801

(lyr., dub. l.).

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: pres imperat act 2nd pl

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: pres ind act 2nd pl

νομίζεται, νομίζω

use customarily: pres ind mp 3rd sg

νομίζετο, νομίζω

use customarily: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: pres imperat act 2nd pl

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: pres ind act 2nd pl

νομίζεται, νομίζω

use customarily: pres ind mp 3rd sg

νομίζετο, νομίζω

use customarily: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

νομίζετε, νομίζω

use customarily: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

αἰσχύν-η [ῡ], ἡ,

A shame, dishonour,

ἐς αἰσχύνην φέρει Hdt.1.10

, cf. 3.133; αἰσχύνην φέρει, ἔχει, S.Tr.66, E.Andr. 244, etc.; αἰ. περιίσταταί με, συμβαίνει μοι, D.3.8, 18.85;

αἰσχύνῃ πίπτειν S.Tr. 597

;

περιπίπτειν X.HG7.3.9

;

αἰσχύνην περιάπτειν τῇ πόλει Pl.Ap. 35a

;

αἰ. προσβάλλειν τινί Id.Lg. 878c

;

ἐν αἰ. ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν D.18.136

;

ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων αἰ. 1.27

.

2 αἰ. γυναικῶν dishonouring of women, Isoc.4.114 (pl.), 12.259 (pl.); γράφεσθαί τινα γένους αἰσχύνης for dishonour done to his race, Pl.Lg. 919e.

3 concrete, of a person, αἰ. φίλοις, πάτρᾳ, Thgn.1272, A.Pers. 774;

ἄνθρωπος αἰ. τῆς πόλεως γεγονώς Aeschin.3.241

; of a decree, ib.105.

II shame for an ill deed, personified in A.Th. 409;

Αἰσχύνην οὐ νομίσασα θεόν AP7.450

(Diosc.).

2 like αἰδώς, sense of shame, honour,

πᾶσαν αἰ. ἀφείς S.Ph. 120

;

ἡ γὰρ αἰ. < πάρος> τοῦ ζῆν.. νομίζεται E.Heracl. 200

; δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι to be ashamed of, Id.IT 683; αἰσχύνην ἔχειν τινός for a thing, S.El. 616;

αἰ. ἐπί τινι Pl.Smp. 178d

;

ὑπέρ τινος D.4.10

; joined with δέος, S.Aj. 1079; with ἔλεος and αἰδώς, Antipho 1.27 :—rare in pl.,

πτήσσουσαν αἰσχύνῃσιν S.Fr.659.9

; ἐν αἰσχύναις ἔχω I hold it a shameful thing, E.Supp. 164.

III later = αἰδοῖον, Sch.Ar.Eq. 365; cf. τὴν τοῦ σώματος αἰ. Alcid.ap Arist.Rh. 1406a29.

κατάγελως, ωτος, ὁ,

A derision, τί δῆτ' ἐμαυτῆς καταγέλωτ' ἔχω τάδε; these ornaments which bring ridicule upon me? A.Ag. 1264, cf. Ar. Ach.76;

- γέλωτος ἄξιος X.Oec.13.5

; κ. πλατύς sheer mockery, Ar. Ach. 1126;

κατάγελων.. φίλοις παρασχεθεῖν Id.Eq. 319

;

διπλοῦν προσλήψῃ -γέλωτα Epict.Ench.22

; κ. τῆς πράξεως the crowning absurdity of the matter, Pl.Cri. 45e;

κατάγελων ἡγούμην πάντα Philostr.VA 7.23

.

2 of persons, laughing-stock,

οὗτος κ. νομίζεται Men. 160.4

.

μηδᾰμ-οῦ, Adv.

A nowhere, Th.1.35, Pl.Lg. 958d;

μ. ἄλλοθι Id.Phd. 68a

: c. gen., μ. τῶν ὄντων, Lat. nusquam gentium, Id.Prm. 162c: metaph., ὅπου τὸ χαίρειν μ. νομίζεται is of no account, A.Eu. 423, cf. 624, S.Aj. 1007;

μηδαμοῦ παρά τισιν εἶναι X.Mem.1.2.52

: as two words,

μηδὲ ἁμοῦ IG12.16.11

(v B.C.).

πένταθλ-ον, Lyr. and [dialect] Ion. [full] πεντάεθλον, τό,

A contest of the five exercises (viz. ἅλμα, ποδωκείην, δίσκον, ἄκοντα, πάλην, Simon.153), Pi.O.13.30, N.7.8, B.8.104, etc. ; πεντάεθλον ἐπασκέειν or

ἀσκέειν Hdt.6.92

, 9.33 ; πένταθλ' ἃ νομίζεται is corrupt in S.El. 691 ; cf. πέμπαθλον.

σέβομαι, mostly used in [tense] pres.: [tense] impf. in Hdt.7.197: [tense] fut.

A

σεβήσομαι POxy.1381.202

(ii A.D.): [tense] aor.

ἐσέφθην S.Fr. 164

, Pl.Phdr. 254b, Porph.Plot.12:— feel awe or fear before God, feel shame, οὔ νυ σέβεσθε; Il.4.242, cf. Ar.Nu. 293;

τιμῶν καὶ σεβόμενος Pl.Lg. 729c

; σεφθεῖσα awe-stricken, Id.Phdr. l.c.: rarely c. inf., dread or fear to do a thing,

σ. προσιδέσθαι.., ἀντία φάσθαι A.Pers. 694

(lyr.);

μιαίνειν τὸ θεῖον Pl.Ti. 69d

;

σέβεται καὶ φοβεῖται.. τό τι κινεῖν τῶν καθεστώτων Id.Lg. 798b

: so c. acc. rei, to fear to do it, Antipho 2.4.12: c. part.,

σ. προσορῶν Pl.Phdr. 250e

.

2 after Hom., c. acc. pers., revere, worship,

Κρονίδαν Pi.P.6.25

;

θεούς A.Supp. 921

, etc.; πάντων ἀνάκτων κοινοβωμίαν ib. 223;

Λατώ Ar.Th. 123

; Λυκοῦργον σέβεσθαι worship him as a hero, Hdt.1.66, cf. 7.197;

προσορῶν ὡς θεὸν σ. τινά Pl.Phdr. 251a

; do homage to Zeus, A.Pr. 937: generally, pay honour or respect to.., θνατοὺς ἄγαν σ. ib. 543 (lyr.);

τὸ φίλον S.OC 187

(lyr.), cf. Ph. 1163 (lyr.), etc.;

σ. τινὰ τύχης μάκαρος E.IT 648

.

b esp. of Jewish proselytes,

σεβομένη τὸν θεόν Act.Ap.16.14

, cf.J.AJ14.7.2; σεβόμενοι προσήλυτοι, Ἕλληνες, Act.Ap.13.43, 17.4; σεβόμεναι γυναῖκες ib.13.50.

3 of things,

τὰ βυβλία σεβόμενοι μεγάλως Hdt.3.128

;

ὄργια Ar.Th. 949

;

ὦ Πιερία, σέβεταί σ' Εὔιος E.Ba. 566

(lyr.);

τὸ σῶφρον αἰδούμενος ἅμα καὶ σ. Pl.Lg. 837c

.

II [voice] Act. σέβω is post-Hom., used only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., worship, honour, mostly of the gods,

σ. Δήμητρος πανήγυριν Archil.120

;

πατρὸς Ὀλυμπίοιοτιμάν Pi.O.14.12

;

θεούς A.Th. 596

;

Νύμφας Id.Eu.22

;

Ἅιδην S.Ant. 777

; τἀν Ἅιδου ib. 780;

θεῶν θέσμια Id.Aj. 713

(lyr.), etc.; rare in Prose,

νομίζεται θεοὺς σέβειν X.Mem.4.4.19

, cf. Ar.Nu. 600; but also of parents, S.OC 1377, cf. Ant. 511; of kings, Id.Aj. 667, etc.; of suppliants, A.Eu. 151 (lyr.);

λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id.Ag. 925

;

αἰχμὴν.. μᾶλλον θεοῦ σ. Id.Th. 530

;

σ. ὀνείρων φάσματα Id.Ag. 274

;

τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σ. S.Ant. 744

( εὖ σέβουσι is dub. cj. for εὐσεβοῦσι in A.Ag. 338, cf. E.Ph. 1320, Tr.85); σέβειν ἐν τιμῇ c. acc., A.Pers. 166, Pl.Lg. 647a: c. inf., ὑβρίζειν ἐν κακοῖσιν οὐ σέβω, i.e. τὸ ὑβρίζειν, I do not respect, approve it, A.Ag. 1612;

τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν σέβοντες Id.Eu. 749

: rarely of a god,

Ποσειδῶν.. τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρὰς σέβων E.Hipp. 896

:— σέβομαι as [voice] Pass., to be reverenced,

ἡ δ' οἴκοι [πόλις] πλέον δίκῃ σέβοιτ' ἄν S.OC 760

; τὸ σεβόμενον reverence, Plu. 2.1101d.

2 less freq. abs., to worship, to be religious,

τὸν σέβοντ' εὐεργετεῖν A.Eu. 725

, cf. 897;

οὐ γὰρ σέβεις S.Ant. 745

;

κρίνοντες ἐν ὁμοίῳ καὶ σέβειν καὶ μή Th.2.53

; but in all these places an object shd. perh. be supplied from the context. ( σέβομαι prob. orig. 'I shrink from.. ', of which σοβέω is the causal; perh. cogn. with Skt. tyajati 'desert, let go'.)

χωρίς, Adv., also [full] χωρί, q. v.: (v. χῆρος):—

A separately, apart, once in Il., 7.470;

χ. μὲν πρόγονοι, χ. δὲ μέτασσαι, χ. δ' αὖθ' ἕρσαι Od.9.221

, cf. 4.130, Sapph.Supp. 20a.16, IG12.108.32, al.;

χ. ἡ τιμὴ θεῶν A.Ag. 637

;

κεῖται χ. ὁ νεκρός Hdt.4.62

;

χ. περὶ αὐτῶν ἑκάστου οἱ νόμοι κεῖνται Antipho 5.10

; χίλια τάλαντα.. χ. θέσθαι set them apart, in reserve, Th.2.24; χ. οἰκεῖν live apart, have an independent establishment, D.4.36, 47.72; χ. γενόμενοι being separated, X.Cyr. 4.1.18;

χ. ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Parm.8.56

, Pl.Phd. 98c;

μή με χ. αἰτιῶ

without evidence,

S.OT 608

;

χ. ποιῆσαι

distinguish,

Isoc.15.68

; χ. βλέπειν look two ways, squint, Timocl.27.6; opp. κοινῇ, Isoc.12.160; opp. κοινόν, E.Hec. 860; χ. δέ .. and separately, and besides, Th.2.13; separately, Lys.22.16, Plu.Arist.20; λέγειν χ. περὶ ἑκάστου Lexap.Aeschin.1.35;

χ. καὶ ἐν μέρει Id.3.2

; περὶ τὸ ἓν καὶ χ. about the one and without [the one] Arist.Ph. 203a14; otherwise,

χ. δὲ μηδαμῶς Pl.Lg. 950c

; χ. ἢ ὁκόσοι except so many as.., Hdt.2.77;

χωρὶς ἢ ὅσα D.C.53.21

;

χωρὶς ἤ ὅτι Hdt.1.94

,4.61,82; also χ. εἰ μή (condemned by Ps.-Hdn.post Moer.p.462P.), Plu.2.698f, A.D.Pron. 91.8, al.;

χ. πλήν Paus.1.34.4

.

2 metaph., of different nature, kind, or quality, Semon.7.1;

χ. τό τ' εἶναι καὶ τὸ μὴ νομίζεται E.Alc. 528

;

χ. τό τ' εἰπεῖν πολλὰ καὶ τὰ καίρια S.OC 808

;

χ. ᾤμην εἶναι τὸ συνεῖναί τε ἀλλήλοις διαλεγομένους καὶ τὸ δημηγορεῖν Pl.Prt. 336b

.

II as Prep. c. gen., without, A.Ag. 926, etc.; without the help or will of,

χ. Ζηνός S.Tr. 1002

(lyr.): after its case,

πόνου χ. Id.El. 915

, cf. Theon. Sm.p.1H.

2 separate from, apart from,

χ. ἀθανάτων Pi.O.9.41

;

χ. ἀνθρώπων στίβου S.Ph. 487

;

χωρὶς ᾤκισται θεῶν E.Hec.2

;

χ. ὀμμάτων ἐμῶν Id.Or. 272

;

ἡ ψυχὴ χ. τοῦ σώματος Pl.Phd. 67a

, etc.

3 independently of, without reckoning, Hdt.1.93, 106, 6.58;

χ. τε γένους οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμ' ἢ σοί A.Pr. 293

(anap.); χ. δὲ τῆς δόξης οὐδὲ δίκαιόν μοι δοκεῖ .. Pl.Ap. 35b.

4 differently from, otherwise than,

χ. μυρηρῶν τευχέων πνέων A.Fr.180.5

;

χ. δήπου σοφία ἐστίν ἀνδρείας Pl.La. 195a

, cf. D.19.13.

ᾗ, dat. sg. fem. of relat. Pron. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ, in adverb. sense,

1 of Place, which way, where, whither, relat. to τῇ, Il.13.53, 15.46; also in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.El. 1435;

τῇδε.. ᾗ A.Ch. 308

;

ἐκείνῃ.. ᾗ Pl.Phd. 82d

; [dialect] Dor.

ᾇ SIG56.28

(Argos, v B.C.).

II of Manner, how, as,

ᾗ καὶ Λοξίας ἐφήμισεν A.Ch. 558

;

ᾗ νομίζεται S.OC 1603

;

ᾗ βούλονται Th.8.71

, etc.:—not in Hom., unless we read ᾗ θέμις ἐστί for ἣ θέμις, v. θέμις.

2 wherefore, Th.1.25, 2.2,al.

3 in so far as,

διαφέρειν τὰ ἑκούσια τῶν ἀκουσίων ᾗ ὁ μὲν.. τῷ δέ.. X.Mem.2.1.18

, cf. Pl. Men. 72b;

ῥήτορες ᾗ ῥήτορες Phld.Rh.2.265S.

; ᾗ ἄνθρωπος qua man, Arist.EN 1096b2.

III with [comp] Sup., ᾗ ἐδύνατο τάχιστα as quickly as he could, X.An.1.2.4, etc.; ᾗ δυνατὸν μάλιστα ib.1.3.15;

ᾗ ἄριστον Id.Cyr.2.4.32

, etc.;

ᾗ ῥᾷστά τε καὶ ἥδιστα Id.Mem.2.1.9

;

ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τάχιστα Id.Cyr.7.1.9

.

λόγος, ου, ὁ (verbal noun of λέγω in the sense ‘pick’; Hom.+).

① a communication whereby the mind finds expression, word

ⓐ of utterance, chiefly oral.

α. as expression, word (oratorical ability plus exceptional performance were distinguishing marks in Hellenic society, hence the frequent association of λ. and ἔργον ‘deed’; a sim. formulation as early as Il. 9, 443 μύθων τε ῥητῆρʼ ἔμεναι πρηκτῆρά τε ἔργων; Polystrat. p. 33 μὴ λόγῳ μόνον ἀλλʼ ἔργω; Just., A II, 4, 2 ἢ λόγῳ ἢ ἔργῳ and D. 35, 7 λόγον ἢ πρᾶξιν) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ, i.e. an exceptional personage Lk 24:19; pl. of Moses Ac 7:22 (the contrast expressed w. a verb Choix 20, 6–8 ποιεῖ ἀγαθὸν ὄτι δύναται καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ of Apollordorus, a benefactor in Cyzicus, a flourishing city in Phrygia; sim. New Docs 7, 233, no. 10, 8f πολιτευόμενος … λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ; cp. IKourion 32, 8; without contrast Diod S 13, 101, 3 ἄνδρας λόγῳ δυνατούς; for sim. constructions using λέγω and πράσσω s. Danker, Benefactor 339–43). Cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; Col 3:17; 2 Th 2:17; Hb 13:21 v.l.; 1J 3:18 (cp. Theognis 1, 87f Diehl³ μή μʼ ἔπεσιν μὲν στέργε κτλ.—For the contrast λόγῳ … ἀληθείᾳ cp. Diod S 13, 4, 1). In contrast to a sinful deed we also have the λόγος ἁμαρτίας sinful word Judaicon 172, 9. W. γνῶσις: ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ κ. πάσῃ γνώσει 1 Cor 1:5. ἰδιώτης τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλʼ οὐ τῇ γνώσει 2 Cor 11:6. (Opp. δύναμις ‘revelation of power’) 1 Cor 4:19, 20. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον οὐκ ἐγενήθη ἐν λόγῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν δυνάμει 1 Th 1:5 (cp. Ar. 13, 7 of mythical accounts οὐδέν εἰσιν εἰ μὴ μόνον λόγοι ‘they’re nothing but words’). W. ἐπιστολή: 2 Th 2:2, 15. W. ἀναστροφή: 1 Ti 4:12; 1 Pt 3:1b. Opp. ‘be silent’: IRo 2:1.—μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ just say the word Mt 8:8; cp. Lk 7:7 (Ath. 17, 1 ὡς λόγῳ εἰπεῖν; 29, 2; Phalaris, Ep. 121, 1 λόγῳ λέγειν; cp. schol. on Pla. 341a ἐν λόγῳ μόνον εἰπεῖν). οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον no one was able to answer him a (single) word Mt 22:46; cp. 15:23 (cp. TestAbr A 16 p. 98, 11 [Stone p. 44] οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ λόγον).— The (mighty) word (of one who performs miracles) ἐξέβαλεν τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Mt 8:16 (a rare use of λ. as ‘single utterance’, s. L-S-J-M s.v. VII).—διὰ λόγου by word of mouth (opp. ‘by letter’) Ac 15:27.—In the textually uncertain pass. Ac 20:24 the text as it stands in N., οὐδενὸς λόγου (v.l. λόγον) ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν, may well mean: I do not consider my life worth a single word (cp. λόγου ἄξιον [ἄξιος 1a] and our ‘worth mention’; s. Conzelmann ad loc.).

β. The expression may take on a variety of formulations or topical nuances: what you say Mt 5:37; statement (PGM 4, 334) Lk 20:20; question (Sext. Emp., Math. 8, 295; 9, 133; Diog. L. 2, 116) ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς λόγον I will ask you a question (cp. TestJob 36:5; GrBar 5:1; ApcSed 13:6; Jos., Ant. 12, 99) Mt 21:24; cp. Mk 11:29; Lk 20:3; prayer (PGM 1, 25; 4, 90; 179; 230 al.; 5, 180; 196 al.) Mt 26:44; Mk 14:39. ἡγούμενος τοῦ λ. principal speaker Ac 14:12. W. epexeget. gen. λ. παρακλήσεως 13:15. W. κήρυγμα our manner of presentation and our proclamation 1 Cor 2:4a (but s. comm.). (W. διδασκαλία) preaching 1 Ti 5:17; prophecy (Biogr. p. 364 [Pythia]) J 2:22; 18:32. Command (Aeschyl., Pers. 363) Lk 4:36; 2 Pt 3:5, 7; via a letter 2 Th 3:14. Report, story (X., An. 1, 4, 7; Diod S 3, 40, 9; 19, 110, 1 λ. διαδιδόναι=spread a report; Appian, Iber. 80 §346, Maced. 4 §1 [both=rumor]; Diod S 32, 15, 3 ἦλθεν ὁ λ. ἐπί τινα=the report came to someone; Arrian, Anab. 7, 22, 1 λόγος λέγεται τοιόσδε=a story is told like this, Ind. 9, 2; Diod S 3, 18, 3 λ.=story, account; Jos., Ant. 19, 132; Tat. 27, 2 τοῦ καθʼ Ἡρακλέα λόγου) Mt 28:15; Mk 1:45; Lk 5:15 (λ. περί τινος as X., An. 6, 6, 13; Jos., Ant. 19, 127) 7:17; J 21:23. ἠκούσθη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τ. ἐκκλησίας the report came to the ears of the assembly in Jerusalem Ac 11:22. λόγον ἔχειν σοφίας have the appearance of wisdom, pass for wisdom Col 2:23 (cp. Pla., Epinomis 987b ἔχει λόγον; Demosth., C. Lept. 462 [20, 18] λόγον τινʼ ἔχον; but mng. 2f is possible). Proverb (Pla., Phdr. 17, 240c, Symp. 18, 195b, Gorg. 54, 499c, Leg. 6, 5, 757a; Socrat., Ep. 22, 1) J 4:37 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 13, 7 ἀληθῶς ἐν τούτῳ ὁ λ. foll. by a proverb). Proclamation, instruction, teaching, message Lk 4:32; 10:39; J 4:41; 17:20; Ac 2:41; 4:4; 10:44; 20:7; 1 Cor 1:17; 2:1. In Ac18:15 ζητήματα περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου the sense appears to be someth. like this: controversial issues involving disputes about words and your way of life with λ. prob. referring to the presentation of controversial subjects, which in turn arouses heated ζητήματα debates. λόγος σοφίας proclamation of wisdom, speaking wisely 1 Cor 12:8a (Ps.-Phoc. 129 τῆς θεοπνεύστου σοφίης λ.); corresp. λ. γνώσεως vs. 8b. Cp. 14:9; 15:2; 2 Cor 1:18; 6:7; 10:10. λ. μαρτυρίας word of witness Rv 12:11. ὁ κατὰ τ. διδαχὴν πιστὸς λ. the message of faith, corresponding to the teaching Tit 1:9; the opp. 2 Ti 2:17. A speech (Aristot. p. 14b, 2; Diod S 40, 5a) διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ in a long speech Ac 15:32; cp. 20:2. λ. κολακείας flattering speech 1 Th 2:5. Speaking gener. 2 Cor 8:7; Eph 6:19; Col 4:6; D 2:5. ἐν λόγῳ πταίειν make a mistake in what one says Js 3:2.—Of God’s word, command, commission (LXX; ParJer 5:19 κατηχῆσαι αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον; SyrBar 13:2; ApcSed 14:10; Just., D. 84, 2; Ael. Aristid. hears a ἱερὸς λ. at night fr. a god: 28, 116 K.=49, p. 529 D.; Sextus 24) ἠκυρώσατε τ. λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 15:6 (v.l. νόμον, ἐντολήν); cp. Mk 7:13.—J 5:38; 8:55; 10:35; Ro 3:4 (Ps 50:6). Of God’s promise Ro 9:6, 9 (but these two vss., and Gal 5:14 below, prob. fit better under 2a), 28 (Is 10:22f). Cp. Hb 2:2; 4:2 (s. ἀκοή 4b); 7:28; 12:19. For B 15:1 see 1aδ. The whole law (as the expr. εἴ τι ἑτέρα ἐντολή indicates not limited to a narrow list of commandments), acc. to Ro 13:9. In what is prob. a play on words (s. 2a and b), Gal 5:14 (s. 2a below) is summed up in the λόγος as expressed in Lev 19:18.—That which God has created ἁγιάζεται διὰ λόγου θεοῦ 1 Ti 4:5; in line w. the context, this hardly refers to God’s creative word (so SibOr 3, 20; PtK 2; πάντα γὰρ λόγῳ ποιήσας ὁ θεός Theoph. Ant. 2, 18 [144, 8]), but to table prayers which use biblical expressions. The divine word as judge of thoughts Hb 4:12. τελεσθήσονται οἱ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 17:17; cp. 19:9.—Of the divine revelation through Christ and his messengers (Just., A I, 61, 9 λόγον … παρὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων ἐμάθομεν τοῦτον) θεὸς ἐφανέρωσεν τὸν λ. αὐτοῦ ἐν κηρύγματι Tit 1:3. δέδωκα αὐτοῖς τὸν λ. σου J 17:14; cp. vss. 6, 17; 1J 1:10; 2:14. ἵνα μὴ ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ βλασφημῆται Tit 2:5. The apostles and other preachers, w. ref. to the λόγος of God, are said to: λαλεῖν Ac 4:29, 31; 13:46; Phil 1:14; Hb 13:7; καταγγέλλειν Ac 13:5; 17:13; διδάσκειν 18:11; μαρτυρεῖν Rv 1:2. Of their hearers it is said: τὸν λ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἀκούειν Ac 13:7; δέχεσθαι 8:14; 11:1. Of the λ. τοῦ θεοῦ itself we read: ηὔξανεν Ac 6:7; 12:24; 19:20; οὐ δέδεται 2 Ti 2:9. In these places and many others ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ is simply the Christian message, the gospel: Lk 5:1; 8:11, 21; 11:28 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 1, 20 μὴ μόνον ἀκουόντων ἀλλὰ πασχόντων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν λόγων=let the message have its effect on oneself); Ac 6:2 (s. καταλείπω 7c; for prob. commercial metaph. s. 2a below); 13:44 v.l. (for κυρίου); 16:32 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:36; 2 Cor 2:17; 4:2; Col 1:25; 1 Pt 1:23; Rv 1:9; 6:9; 20:4; IPhld 11:1. Cp. 1 Th 2:13ab; 1J 2:5.—Since this ‘divine word’ is brought to humanity through Christ, his word can be used in the same sense: ὁ λόγος μου J 5:24; cp. 8:31, 37, 43, 51f; 12:48; 14:23f; 15:3, 20b; Rv 3:8. ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Col 3:16; cp. Hb 6:1. ὁ λ. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 8:25; 12:24 v.l.; 13:44, 48f; 14:25 v.l.; 15:35, 36; 16:32 (cp. λ. θεοῦ); 19:10; 1 Th 1:8; 2 Th 3:1. Pl. Mk 8:38 (Lk 9:26); 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Lk 24:44; s. also 1aδ.—Or it is called simply ὁ λόγος=the ‘Word’, for no misunderstanding would be possible among Christians: Mt 13:20–23; Mk 2:2; 4:14–20, 33; 8:32 (s. 1aε below); 16:20; Lk 1:2; 8:12f, 15; Ac 6:4; 8:4; 10:36 (on the syntax s. FNeirynck, ETL 60, ’84, 118–23); 11:19; 14:25 (cp. λ. κυρίου above); 16:6; 17:11; 18:5; Gal 6:6; Phil 1:14; Col 4:3; 1 Th 1:6; 2 Ti 4:2; Js 1:21ff; 1 Pt 2:8; 3:1; 1J 2:7; AcPl Ha 7, 6 (so also Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 2, 3).—Somet. the ‘Word’ is more closely defined by a gen.: ὁ λ. τῆς βασιλείας the word of the reign/rule (of God) Mt 13:19. τῆς σωτηρίας Ac 13:26. τῆς καταλλαγῆς 2 Cor 5:19. τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. δικαιοσύνης (q.v. 3a) Hb 5:13. ζωῆς Phil 2:16. (τῆς) ἀληθείας (Theoph. Ant. 3, 4 [p. 212, 2]; cp. περὶ ἀληθείας Hippol., Ref. 10, 6, 1) Eph 1:13; Col 1:5; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18; AcPl Ha 8, 8 (Just., D. 121, 2). τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) Ac 14:3; 20:32. (Differently the pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. χάριτος gracious words Lk 4:22; cp. Marcellinus, Vi. Thu. 57 Hude λόγοι εἰρωνείας.) ὁ λ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ac 15:7; ὁ τοῦ Χριστιανισμοῦ λ. MPol 10:1. In Rv 3:10 the gospel is described by the ‘One who has the key of David’ as ὁ λ. τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου my word of endurance (W-S. §30, 12c). λ. τῶν ὑ[πο]μονῶν AcPl Ha 6, 11. παρελάβετε τὸν λ. ὅτι AcPl Ha 8, 25.—The pastoral letters favor the expr. πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (sc. ἐστίν, and s. πιστός 1b) 1 Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Ti 2:11; Tit 3:8; cp. Rv 21:5; 22:6. λ. ὑγιής sound preaching Tit 2:8; cp. the pl. ὑγιαίνοντες λόγοι 2 Ti 1:13 (on medicinal use of words for the mind or soul s. VLeinieks, The City of Dionysos ’96, 115–22, on Eur.).—The pl. is also used gener. of Christian teachings, the words of the gospel Lk 1:4 (s. κατηχέω 2a); 1 Th 4:18. οἱ λ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Ti 4:6. On λόγοι κυριακοί for λόγια κυριακά in the title of the Papias document s. ἐξήγησις 2.—JSchniewind, Die Begriffe Wort und Evangelium bei Pls, diss. Bonn 1910; RAsting (εὐαγγέλιον, end).

γ. of an individual declaration or remark: assertion, declaration, speech ἀκούσαντες τὸν λ. when they heard the statement Mt 15:12; cp. 19:11, 22; 22:15; Mk 5:36. διὰ τοῦτον τὸν λ. because of this statement of yours 7:29 (TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 29 [Stone p. 38] τὸν λ. τοῦτον; ApcMos 25 εἰς τὸν λόγον σου κρινῶ σε). Cp. 10:22; 12:13; Lk 1:29; 22:61 v.l. (for ῥήματος); J 4:39, 50; 6:60; 7:36, 40 v.l.; 15:20a; 18:9; 19:8; Ac 6:5; 7:29; 20:38; 22:22; 1 Th 4:15. ὸ̔ς ἐὰν εἴπῃ λόγον κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου whoever utters a (defamatory) word against the Son of Humanity Mt 12:32 (λ. εἰπεῖν κατά τινος as Jos., Ant. 15, 81); cp. Lk 12:10. λόγος σαπρός unwholesome talk Eph 4:29. λόγον ποιεῖσθαι make a speech Ac 11:2 D (cp. Hyperid. 3, 20; Jos., Ant. 11, 86).

δ. the pl. (οἱ) λόγοι is used, on the one hand, of words uttered on various occasions, of speeches or instruction given here and there by humans or transcendent beings (TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 19 [Stone p. 36]; Jos., Ant. 4, 264; Just., D. 100, 3) ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ (καταδικασθήσῃ) Mt 12:37ab; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 21:33; Ac 2:40; 7:22 (ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ. On the word-deed pair cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 6 the λόγοι and ἔργα of Diogenes; s. α above). οἱ δέκα λόγοι the ten commandments (Ex 34:28; Dt 10:4; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 168, Decal. 32; Jos., Ant. 3, 138; cp. 91f; Did., Gen. 36, 10) B 15:1. Ac 15:24; 20:35; 1 Cor 2:4b, 13; 14:19ab; κενοὶ λ. Eph 5:6; AcPl Ox 6, 13 (cp. Aa 1, 241, 14); Dg 8:2; πλαστοὶ λ. 2 Pt 2:3. λ. πονηροί 3J 10.—Also of words and exprs. that form a unity, whether it be connected discourse (Jos., Ant. 15, 126; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 11, 5; 81, 3 al.), a conversation, or parts of one and the same teaching, or expositions on the same subject (Diod S 16, 2, 3 μετέσχε τῶν Πυθαγορίων λόγων; Dio Chrys. 37 [54], 1; Ael. Aristid. 50, 55 K.=26 p. 519 D.: οἱ Πλάτωνος λόγοι; PsSol 17:43 [words of the Messiah]; AscIs 3:12 οἱ λόγοι τοῦ Βελχειρά) πᾶς ὅστις ἀκούει μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους Mt 7:24; cp. vss. 26, 28; 10:14; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 10:24; Lk 1:20; 6:47; 9:28, 44. ἐπηρώτα αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς he questioned him at some length 23:9. τίνες οἱ λ. οὗτοι οὓς ἀντιβάλλετε; what is this conversation that you are holding? 24:17; J 7:40 (s. γ); 10:19; J 14:24a; 19:13; Ac 2:22; 5:5, 24; 16:36; 2 Ti 4:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 46:7. λόγοις φθοριμαίοις AcPlCor 1:2.

ε. the subject under discussion, matter, thing gener. (Theognis 1055 Diehl; Hdt. 8, 65 μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον εἴπῃς. Cp. Hebr. דָּבָר) τὸν λ. ἐκράτησαν they took up the subject Mk 9:10; cp. Mt. 21:24 (s. 1aβ beg.). οὐκ ἔστιν σοι μερὶς ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ you have no share in this matter Ac 8:21. ἰδεῖν περὶ τ. λόγου τούτου look into this matter 15:6. ἔχειν πρός τινα λόγον have a complaint against someone (cp. Demosth. 35, 55 ἐμοὶ πρὸς τούτους ὁ λόγος; PIand 16, 3 δίκαιον λόγον ἔχει πρὸς σέ) 19:38. παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (2d is also prob.).—Perh. also Mk 8:32 he discussed the subject quite freely (but s. 1aβ above).

ⓑ of literary or oratorical productions: of the separate books of a work (Hdt. 5, 36 ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τ. λόγων; Pla., Parmen. 2, 127d ὁ πρῶτος λόγος; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 1 ὁ μὲν πρότερος λόγος ἦν ἡμῖν, ὦ Θεόδοτε, περὶ τοῦ …) treatise Ac 1:1 (s. on the prologue to Ac: AHilgenfeld, ZWT 41, 1898, 619ff; AGercke, Her 29, 1894, 373ff; RLaqueur, Her 46, 1911, 161ff; Norden, Agn. Th. 311ff; JCreed, JTS 35, ’34, 176–82; Goodsp., Probs. 119–21). Παπίας … πέντε λόγους κυριακῶν λογίων ἔγραψεν Papias (11:1; cp. 3:1 e; 11:2; 12:2).—περὶ οὗ πολὺς ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος about this we have much to say Hb 5:11. Hb is described as ὁ λ. τῆς παρακλήσεως a word of exhortation (in literary form) 13:22. Of writings that are part of Holy Scripture ὁ λ. Ἠσαί̈ου J 12:38. ὁ λ. ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γεγραμμένος 15:25; ὁ προφητικὸς λ. 2 Pt 1:19; 2 Cl 11:2 (quot. of unknown orig.); AcPl Ha 8, 27/BMM recto 35 (Just., D. 77, 2 al.). ὁ ἅγιος λ. the holy word 1 Cl 56:3. ὁ λ. ὁ γεγραμμένος 1 Cor 15:54 (Is 25:8 and Hos 13:14 follow). Pl. οἱ λόγοι τ. προφητῶν Ac 15:15. ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαί̈ου Lk 3:4 (Pla., 7th Epistle 335a πείθεσθαι ἀεὶ χρὴ τοῖς παλαιοῖς καὶ ἱεροῖς λόγοις; TestJob 1:1 βίβλος λόγων Ἰώβ; ParJer 9:32 v.l. τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν λόγων Ἱερεμίου; ApcEsdr 1:1 καὶ ἀποκάλυψις τοῦ … Ἐσδράμ; ApcSed prol.; Just., D. 72, 3f).—Of the content of Rv: ὁ ἀναγινώσκων τ. λόγους τῆς προφητείας 1:3. οἱ λόγοι (τ. προφητείας) τ. βιβλίου τούτου 22:7, 9f, 18f.

② computation, reckoning

ⓐ a formal accounting, esp. of one’s actions, and freq. with fig. extension of commercial terminology account, accounts, reckoning λόγον δοῦναι (Hdt. 8, 100; X., Cyr. 1, 4, 3; Diod S 3, 46, 4; SIG 1099, 16; BGU 164, 21; Jos., Ant. 16, 120; Just., D. 115, 6) give account, make an accounting ἕκαστος περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λόγον δώσει τ. θεῷ Ro 14:12. Also λ. ἀποδοῦναι abs. (Just., D. 116, 1 al.; Diod S 16, 56, 4; 19, 9, 4) Hb 13:17. τινί to someone (Diod S 16, 27, 4; Plut., Alcib. 7, 3; Chariton 7, 6, 2; SIG 631, 13 τᾷ πόλει; 2 Ch 34:28; Da 6:3 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 209) τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι 1 Pt 4:5. τινὸς of someth. (SIG 1044, 46; 1105, 10 τοῦ ἀναλώματος; Jos., Ant. 19, 307) Lk 16:2 (here λ. w. the art.; on the subject of undergoing an audit cp. Aeschin. 3, 22). Likew. περί τινος (Diod S 18, 60, 2 δοὺς αὑτῷ περὶ τούτων λόγον=taking account [considering] with himself; BGU 98, 25 περὶ τούτου) Mt 12:36; Ac 19:40. ὑπέρ τινος concerning someone Hv 3, 9, 10.—αἰτεῖν τινα λόγον περί τινος call someone to account for someth. 1 Pt 3:15 (cp. Pla., Pol. 285e; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 30; Apc4Esdr Fgm. b ἕκαστος ὑπὸ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔργου τὸν λόγον ἀπαιτηθήσεται; Just., A I, 17, 4. For another perspective s. d below.).—Of banking responsibility ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ (PStras 72, 10 [III A.D.] ὁ τῶν θεῶν λ.; PHerm 108 [III A.D.] λ. τοῦ Σαραπείου) in wordplay Ac 6:2 (w. τράπεζα q.v. 1c); s. also 1aβ.—Of a ledger heading (POxy 1333 [II/III A.D.] δὸς αὐτῳ λόγῳ θεωρικῶν=credit him under ‘festivals’; for others s. Preisig., Wörterbuch s.v. λ. 14; s. also Fachwörter 119) Ro 9:6 (the point is that God’s ‘list’ of Israelites is accurate; on ἐκπίπτω in the sense ‘is not deficient’ s. s.v. 4); vs. 9 (the ‘count’ is subsumed by metonymy in divine promise); Gal 5:14 (all moral obligations come under one ‘entry’: ‘you shall love your neighbor as yourself’; for commercial association of ἀναλίσκω vs. 15, which rounds out the wordplay, s. s.v.). The contexts of these three passages suggest strong probability for commercial associations; for another view s. 1aβ.

ⓑ settlement (of an account) (εἰς λόγον commercial t.t. ‘in settlement of an account’ POxy 275, 19; 21) εἰς λόγον δόσεως κ. λήμψεως in settlement of a mutual account (lit., ‘of giving and receiving’, ‘of debit and credit’) Phil 4:15 (cp. Plut., Mor. 11b λόγον δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν; a parallel formulation POxy 1134,10 [421 A.D.] λ. λήμματος καὶ ἐξοδιασμοῦ=ledger of income and expenditures); for the linked accounting terms δόσις and λήμψις s. PCairMasp 151, 208 [VI A.D.]. The same ideas are in the background of εἰς λόγον ὑμῶν credited to your account vs 17.—συναίρειν λόγον settle accounts (BGU 775, 18f. The mid. in the same mng. PFay109, 6 [I A.D.]; POxy 113, 27f.—Dssm., LO 94 [LAE 118f]) μετά τινος Mt 18:23; 25:19.

ⓒ reflection, respect, regard εἰς λόγον τινός with regard to, for the sake of (Thu. 3, 46, 4; Demosth. 19, 142 εἰς ἀρετῆς λόγον; Polyb. 11, 28, 8; Ath. 31, 1; Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 743 D.: εἰς δεινότητος λ.) εἰς λ. τιμῆς IPhld 11:2. εἰς λ. θεοῦ ISm 10:1.

ⓓ reason for or cause of someth., reason, ground, motive (Just., D. 94, 3 δότε μοι λόγον, ὅτου χάριν … ; Ath. 30, 3 τὶς γὰρ … λόγος; Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 18 ἐκ τούτου τ. λόγου; Appian, Hann. 29 §126 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 155) τίνι λόγω; for what reason? Ac 10:29 (cp. Pla., Gorg. 512c τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; Appian, Mithrid. 57 §232 τίνι λόγῳ;). λόγον περὶ τῆς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλπίδος 1 Pt 3:15 (but s. a above); κατὰ λόγον Ac 18:14 (s. κατά B 5bβ). παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας Mt 5:32; 19:9 v.l. (though 1aε is also poss.).

ⓔ πρὸς ὸ̔ν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος (ἐστίν) with whom we have to do (i.e. to reckon) (Dio Chrys. 31, 123; other exx. in FBleek, Hb II/1, 1836, 590ff), in his capacity as judge (Libanius, Legat. Ulixis [=Declamatio IV] 2 F. τοῖς δὲ ἀδίκως ἀποκτενοῦσι καὶ πρὸς θεοὺς καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ὁ λόγος γίγνεται) Hb 4:13. οὐ πρὸς σάρκα ὁ λόγος, ἀλλὰ πρὸς θεόν he has to do not with flesh, but with God IMg 3:2.

ⓕ In Col 2:23 (s. 1aβ) λόγον μὲν ἔχοντα σοφίας may= make a case for wisdom (cp. λόγος ἡμῖν οὐδείς Plut., Mor. 870b).

③ the independent personified expression of God, the Logos. Our lit. shows traces of a way of thinking that was widespread in contemporary syncretism, as well as in Jewish wisdom lit. and Philo, the most prominent feature of which is the concept of the Logos, the independent, personified ‘Word’ (of God): GJs 11:2 (word of the angel to Mary) συνλήμψῃ ἐκ Λόγου αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ πάντων Δεσπότου). J 1:1abc, 14 (cp. Just., A I, 23, 2; Mel., P. 9, 61 and oft. by all apolog., exc.. Ar.). It is the distinctive teaching of the Fourth Gospel that this divine ‘Word’ took on human form in a historical person, that is, in Jesus (s. RSeeberg, Festgabe für AvHarnack ’21, 263–81.—Λόγος w. ζωή in gnostic speculation: Iren.1, 1, 1 [Harv. 1, 10, 4]; Aelian, VH 4, 20 ἐκάλουν τὸν Πρωταγόραν Λόγον. Similarly Favorinus [II A.D.]: Vorsokr. 80 A 1 ln. 22 [in Diog. L. 9, 50] of Democritus: ἐκαλεῖτο Σοφία. Equating a divinity with an abstraction that she personifies: Artem. 5, 18 φρόνησις εἶναι νομίζεται ἡ θεός [Athena]). Cp. 1J 1:1; Rv 19:13. εἷς θεός ἐστιν, ὁ φανερώσας ἑαυτὸν διὰ Ἰ. Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λόγος, ἀπὸ σιγῆς προελθών there is one God, who has revealed himself through Jesus Christ his Son, who is his ‘Word’ proceeding from silence (i.e., without an oral pronouncement: in a transcendent manner) IMg 8:2 (s. σιγή). The Lord as νόμος κ. λόγος PtK 1. Cp. Dg 11:2, 3, 7, 8; 12:9.—HClavier, TManson memorial vol., ’59, 81–93: the Alexandrian eternal λόγος is also implied in Hb 4:12; 13:7.—S. also the ‘Comma Johanneum’ (to the bibliography in RGG³ I, ’54 [HGreeven] add AJülicher, GGA 1905, 930–35; AvHarnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 572f [=Studien I ’31, 151f]; MMeinertz, Einl. in d. NT⁴ ’33, 309–11; AGreiff, TQ 114, ’33, 465–80; CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46; WThiele, ZNW 50, ’59, 61–73) ὁ πατήρ, ὁ λόγος καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 1J 5:7 v.l. (s. N. app.; Borger, TRu 52, ’87, 57f). (Such interpolations were not unheard of. According to Diog. L. 1, 48 some people maintain that Solon inserted the verse mentioning the Athenians after Il. 2, 557.—τῆς τριάδος, τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς σοφίας αὐτοῦ Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 19].)—On the Logos: EZeller, D. Philosophie der Griechen III 2⁴ 1903, 417–34; MHeinze, D. Lehre v. Logos in d. griech. Philosophie 1872; PWendland, Philo u. d. kynisch-stoische Diatribe (Beiträge z. Gesch. der griech. Philosophie u. Religion by Wendl. and OKern 1895, 1–75); AAall, Gesch. d. Logosidee 1896, 1899; MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48f, I 482; 490 (index); LDürr, D. Wertung des göttl. Wortes im AT u. im ant. Orient ’38 (§9 of the Joh. Logos); EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1907, 83–111; (² ’25); JLebreton, Les théories du Logos au début de l’ère chrétienne 1907; ESchwartz, NGG 1908, 537–56; GVos, The Range of the Logos-Title in the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel: PTR 11, 1913, 365–419; 557–602; RHarris, The Origin of the Prologue to St. John’s Gospel 1917, Athena, Sophia and the Logos: BJRL 7, 1, 1922 p. 56–72; M-JLagrange, Vers le Logos de S. Jean: RB 32, 1923, 161–84, Le Logos de Philon: ibid. 321–71; HLeisegang, Logos: Pauly-W. XIII 1926, 1035–81; TGlasson, Heraclitus’ Alleged Logos Doctr., JTS 3, ’52, 231–38.—NWeinstein, Z. Genesis d. Agada 1901, 29–90; Billerb. II 302–33.—Rtzst., Zwei religionsgeschichtl. Fragen 1901, 47–132, Mysterienrel.³ 1927, 428 index; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 304ff; 316f; JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismegistos1914, 418 index.—RBultmann, D. religionsgesch. Hintergrund des Prol. z. Joh.: HGunkel Festschr., 1923, II 1–26, Comm. ’41, 5ff; AAlexander, The Johannine Doctrine of the Logos: ET 36, 1925, 394–99; 467–72; (Rtzst. and) HSchaeder, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, 306–37; 350; GAvdBerghvanEysinga, In den beginne was de Logos: NThT 23, ’34, 105–23; JDillersberger, Das Wort von Logos ’35; RBury, The 4th Gosp. and the Logos-Doctrine ’40; EMay, CBQ 8, ’46, 438–47; GKnight, From Moses to Paul ’49, 120–29. TW IV 76–89; 126–40 (on this s. SLyonnet, Biblica 26, ’45, 126–31); CStange, ZST 21, ’50, 120–41; MBoismard, Le Prologue de St. Jean ’53; HLangkammer, BZ 9, ’65, 91–94; HRinggren, Word and Wisdom [hypostatization in Near East] ’47; WEltester, Haenchen Festschr., ’64, 109–34; HWeiss, Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie etc., TU 97, ’66, 216–82; MRissi, Die Logoslieder im Prolog des vierten Evangeliums, TZ 31, ’75, 321–36; HLausberg, NAWG, Ph. ’87, 1 pp. 1–7.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. λέγω B 1. M-M. EDNT. TW.